H2O contains single bonds between oxygen and hydrogen atoms. Oxygen atom is at center surrounded by two hydrogen atoms. Oxygen has two lone pairs
E-Z isomerism is a type of stereoisomerism where same groups are arranged differently. Higher priority groups at double bond ends determine cis/trans orientation
"General Chemistry" by Linus Pauling redefines chemical education. Pauling is a Nobel laureate known for groundbreaking research. Book bridges basic concepts with advanced theories
Molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. Molecules can be homonuclear (one element) or heteronuclear (multiple elements). Noble gases are considered individual atoms in kinetic theory
Functional groups cause characteristic chemical reactions in molecules. Same functional group behaves similarly regardless of molecule composition. Functional groups can be modified by nearby functional groups. Functional groups can be charged, forming polyatomic ions
Page shows neutral gaseous atoms' ground state electron configurations. Configuration notation uses concise form followed by full subshells. Valence electrons are explicitly written for all atoms