Seat belts were invented by George Cayley for gliders in mid-19th century. C. Hunter Shelden developed retractable seat belts in 1950s. Volvo introduced first three-point seat belt in 1959. First mandatory seat belt law passed in Victoria, Australia in 1970
Airbag is a vehicle restraint system that inflates during collisions. Modern vehicles can contain up to ten airbag modules. Airbags provide soft cushioning and restraint during collisions. System consists of cushion, fabric bag, inflation module, and impact sensor
Traffic barriers protect vehicles from obstacles and prevent collisions. Used in medians to prevent vehicles from entering opposing carriageways. Can protect vulnerable areas like school yards and fuel tanks
Air bags work best with seat belts and deploy in moderate to severe crashes. Both frontal and side air bags are standard in passenger vehicles since late 1990s. Air bags deploy within 1/20th of a second using chemical reaction
CCPS developed leading and lagging metrics for process safety performance. Metrics help benchmark performance and drive continuous improvement. Three types of metrics: lagging, near miss, and leading
Manual provides guidance for implementing upset prevention and recovery training. Based on ICAO Doc 10011 and AUPRTA revision. Covers academic and practical training aspects