Bouldering is climbing on small rock formations without ropes. Most climbers use shoes, chalk and bouldering mats for safety. Problems are typically less than 6 meters tall. Traverses require horizontal climbing from one end to another
Climbing involves ascending steep topographical objects using various body parts. Sport evolved through first ascents and improved equipment since late 19th century. First Olympic sport in 2021 Tokyo Games
Bouldering requires minimal equipment, including shoes and chalk. Sport climbing adds ropes, harnesses, and quickdraws. Traditional climbing needs protection devices and climbing shoes. Multi-pitch climbing requires ascenders and descenders. Aid climbing uses specialized equipment like aiders and daisy chains
Ape index measures wingspan relative to height. Most people have neutral ape index (ratio of 1). Long arms are advantageous in sports like climbing and swimming
"Go" is used for sports involving travel and movement. Examples include jogging, skiing, and hiking
Bouldering routes are short problems without ropes for beginners. Top-roping requires a partner and is most common form. Lead climbing involves two climbers tied in on dynamic rope