Angina pectoris results from coronary artery dysfunction, limiting oxygen supply to the heart. Lifestyle modifications, including smoking cessation and exercise, are essential for stable angina. Antianginal medications alleviate symptoms by enhancing coronary vasodilation. No drug has shown significant survival improvement in chronic coronary syndromes
LQTS affects heart's repolarization, causing abnormally long QT interval. Affects 1 in 7,000 people, more common in females. First described in 1856, first ECG case in 1957
PCI is a minimally invasive treatment for coronary artery disease. First introduced in 1977 by Andreas Gruentzig in Switzerland. Uses catheterization with stents to open narrowed arteries. Performed by interventional cardiologists in catheterization laboratories
Mammalian heart has four valves that allow one-way blood flow. Valves are lined with endocardium and located around cardiac skeleton. Valves contain leaflets or cusps that open and close to prevent backflow
There are 32 common physician specialties available. Specialties range from whole-body care to specific body systems. Training typically requires 3-7 years of residency
Left ventricle stiffens, making it difficult to relax between beats. Condition affects oxygen-rich blood delivery to body. Mild condition considered normal part of aging. Preserved ejection fraction means normal blood pumping percentage