Federal Convention in Philadelphia in 1787 rejected Articles of Confederation. Convention created new framework for national government. Delegates from 12 States debated proper form of government. Constitution signed by 39 delegates on September 17, 1787
Entropy measures spontaneous changes in thermodynamic systems. Term introduced by Rudolf Clausius in mid-19th century. Entropy predicts irreversible processes despite energy conservation. Boltzmann defined entropy as number of possible microscopic configurations
Ramrod is a metal or wooden device used with muzzleloading firearms. Used to push projectiles against propellant in muskets and cannons. Required for proper powder tamping and bullet placement. Some 17th century pistols had folded ramrods in pommel compartments
2001 romantic drama directed by Pat O'Connor, starring Keanu Reeves and Charlize Theron. Based on 1968 film by Herman Raucher with some plot differences. Budget of $40 million, grossed $65.8 million worldwide
Crossed fingers gesture originated from resemblance to Holy Cross. Used by early Christians for protection from evil. Gained popularity in 16th-century England for protection against evils. First documented reference from 1912 about ladder superstition
The federal government consists of three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. The nation comprises 50 states, five territories, and Washington, D.C. as its capital. The federal government shares sovereignty with the states in their territories