Force must be adequate for deformation and proper metal flow. Material flows from outer periphery into die cavity. Blankholder prevents wrinkling when thickness ratio exceeds 1%. Punch force reaches maximum at about 1/3 of stroke
Moulded parts manufacturing requires significantly larger deviations than metal parts. Plastic parts have lower functional accuracy requirements than metals. Different physical and chemical properties require unique tolerance evaluation
Critical aesthetic requirements demand precise gate placement and size. Components prone to deformation need specific gate design. Large parts with multiple gates require careful flow coordination. Multi-cavity molds demand careful gate placement and balance
Deep drawing creates uniform, seamless parts using punch and blank holder. Simple parts can be drawn in one step, complex shapes require multiple. Process typically combines with blanking and piercing techniques
Deep drawing converts flat blanks into hollow parts using a special die. Main types include axisymmetric rotating parts, box parts, and asymmetric parts. Material thickness varies along height, with mouth thickness increasing most
Injection molding requires careful design to ensure optimal part quality. Design determines manufacturing complexity and feasibility. Proper design prevents parts failure and reduces production costs