Geography means "earth writing" and studies Earth's natural features and human-environment interactions. Ancient Greeks coined the term, Islamic Golden Age brought groundbreaking discoveries. Marco Polo led European Age of Discovery for trade and exploration. Geography became university discipline in 18th Century. 20th century brought technological advancements like satellite and computer systems
Atlas illustrates plate tectonic development of oceans and continents over 650 million years. Maps show mountain ranges, plate boundaries, and climatic belts. Includes 20 time periods from Late Proterozoic to present
Plateau is an extensive flat upland bounded by steep slopes. Plateaus differ from mountain ranges by being remarkably flat. Some plateaus are integral parts of mountain belts. Plateau surface can extend hundreds to thousands of kilometres
Drumlins are oval-shaped hills formed beneath glaciers, up to 50m high. They are widespread in Canada, Ireland, Sweden and Finland. Word "drumlin" comes from Gaelic for rounded hill
Peneplains are low-relief plains formed by prolonged erosion. Term coined by William Morris Davis around 1900. Can form near sea level or at higher elevations. Some peneplains may be hilly due to irregular weathering
Alluvium is loose sediments deposited by running water in floodplains and streams. It includes clay, silt, sand, or gravel not consolidated into solid rock. Sediments deposited underwater are not considered alluvium