Borborygmi refers to the rumbling sounds of stomach and intestines. Food, fluids, and gas move through these organs during digestion. Can be audible or inaudible
Dyspepsia is a common stomach condition affecting up to 20% of North American adults. Symptoms include stomach pain, burning, bloating, nausea, and gas. No physical cause is found, but may involve stomach muscle problems
Heartburn is irritation of esophagus causing burning sensation in upper belly. Caused by acid reflux when lower esophageal sphincter doesn't close properly. Usually not serious but can lead to GERD if untreated
Bland foods and clear liquids help ease diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Applesauce is easier to digest than raw apples due to lower fiber content. Bananas provide potassium to replace lost fluids and electrolytes. Cooked vegetables like beets and carrots are easier to digest. Lean protein options like chicken and shellfish are suitable
Functional chest pain must be retrosternal without esophageal symptoms. Functional heartburn requires no relief despite optimal therapy. Reflux hypersensitivity needs normal endoscopy and no eosinophilic esophagitis. Globus presents as persistent throat sensation between meals. Functional dysphagia involves abnormal food passage through esophagus
Itopride is a prokinetic benzamide derivative with gastrokinetic effects. Acts as a selective D2 receptor antagonist and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Rapid absorption with peak blood plasma levels after 35 minutes. Eliminated primarily via kidneys with half-life of approximately 6 hours