Jand was first mentioned in 10th century as Oghuz Turkish settlement. Site likely lay near modern Qyzylorda or at Khorkhut railway station. Town was significant Oghuz settlement with Muslim traders
Byzantine Empire began with Constantine I's capital in 330. Term "Byzantine" coined by Hieronymus Wolf in 1557. Empire combined Roman law, Christianity, and Greek culture. Constantinople remained capital until Ottoman conquest in 1453
Period from 901 to 1000, marking end of 1st millennium. Song dynasty established in China, reuniting most of China. Muslim world experienced cultural zenith under Córdoba and Samanid Empires. Byzantine Empire reconquered lost territories and flourished. First Bulgarian Empire established under Emperor Simeon the Great
Ancient Sumerians built stone basins for drinking water around 700 BC. Ancient Assyrians constructed rock-carved basins with lion reliefs. Ancient Egyptians developed systems for water hoisting from Nile. Ancient Greeks used aqueducts and gravity-powered fountains