COP measures useful heating/cooling provided to required work. Higher COP indicates higher efficiency and lower operating costs. Most air conditioners have COP between 3.5 and 5. COP is highly dependent on operating conditions and temperature
Heat pumps transmit heat from cold source to warm sink using work. According to second law, heat cannot flow spontaneously from cold to hot. Heat pumps operate in reverse Carnot cycle, similar to ideal heat engines
Heat pumps transfer heat between indoor and outdoor air or ground. Air-source pumps are more common for residential heating and cooling. Ground-source pumps are more efficient but more expensive. Heat pumps don't generate heat, they move it from one place to another
Electric cars need more complex thermal management than conventional cars. Thermal management controls cabin temperature in winter and summer. Electric motors cannot produce enough thermal energy for cabin heating
Global energy consumption increased significantly in recent decades. Fossil fuels cover 81.4% of global energy use in 2008. UK's total energy consumption was 205.9 million tonnes in 2013. Natural gas water heaters release 2 t CO2 annually
GSHP consumes 33% less natural gas for heating in Turkey. Provides 40% more economical heating than natural gas boilers. Offers 43% more economical cooling than air conditioners. Provides free heating and cooling capability