Scuba diving uses independent breathing equipment for underwater exploration. Christian J. Lambertsen coined the term "SCUBA" in 1952. Open-circuit systems discharge exhaled gas directly into water. Closed-circuit rebreathers recycle exhaled gases for longer dives
Double glazed glass consists of two panes separated by a spacer bar. External glass layer is tougher and more weather-resistant. Creates air gap between panes for thermal insulation
Fiberglass is most common, made from woven glass strands with R-2.9-3.8 per inch. Mineral wool comes in various forms, including glass wool and slag wool. Cellulose is eco-friendly, made from recycled materials with R-3.1-3.7. Polyurethane foam offers R-6.3 per inch, fire-resistant with CFC gas. Polystyrene comes in EPS (R-4) and XEPS (R-5.5) types, needs HBCD coating
Glass wool is made from molten glass fibers spun at 1450°C. Fibers are bound with a binder during spinning process. Available in rolls, slabs, sprayable form, or loose-fill applications
Thermos uses multiple layers of insulation to trap heat. Use reusable cap bottle, preferably glass for better insulation. Wrap bottle in paper towels in at least three layers. Add aluminum foil layer for additional insulation. Secure with electrical tape in spiral pattern
Curtain walls are essential elements of high-rise building facades. Primary function is water prevention through primary and secondary barriers. Systems provide air impermeability and thermal insulation. Wind, thermal, and acoustic resistance are crucial for building stability. Solar control coatings allow selective light passage