ADCC kills target cells coated with specific antibodies. NK cells typically mediate ADCC using IgG antibodies. Macrophages, neutrophils and eosinophils can also perform ADCC. NK cells express Fcγ receptors that bind to antibody-target cell complexes
Pilus is a hair-like cell-surface appendage found on bacteria and archaea. Pili are composed of pilin proteins and can exist in dozens on surfaces. Pili are antigenic, fragile, and constantly replaced. Some bacteria attach to pili during reproductive cycle
ADE occurs when suboptimal antibodies enhance virus entry and replication. Antibodies bind to Fc receptors on immune cells or complement proteins. Virus escapes antibody complexes and replicates inside immune cells. Mainly mediated by IgG antibodies, but IgM and IgA can also trigger it
Papain is a cysteine protease found in papaya and mountain papaya. Contains 345 amino acid residues with three disulfide bridges. Has catalytic dyad consisting of cysteine-25 and histidine-159. Optimal temperature range is 60-70°C
IgA is an antibody primarily found in mucous membranes. Three to five grams of IgA are secreted daily into intestinal lumen. IgA exists in two subclasses: IgA1 (80%) and IgA2 (35%). IgA dimeric form is most prevalent, containing secretory component
Boserolimab combines with KEYTRUDA for CD27 activation in various cancers. Favezelimab and pembrolizumab are LAG-3 antibody combinations for immune response. Lenvatinib and olaparib inhibit VEGFR and PARP enzymes in cancer treatment. Patritumab deruxtecan targets HER3 in EGFR-mutated NSCLC