Delta T (ΔT) represents temperature change between initial and final temperatures. Calculation uses formula: ΔT = T2 - T1. Temperature units must be consistent (Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin)
Greenhouse gases trap infrared radiation, contributing to Earth's greenhouse effect. Carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapour are the most important greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases significantly affect Earth's energy budget despite being small
Extreme weather includes unexpected, unusual, severe or unseasonal weather. Main types include heat waves, cold waves and tropical cyclones. Extreme events are defined as rare in 10th or 90th percentile of probability
WWII radar operators discovered weather echoes masking enemy targets. David Atlas developed first operational weather radars in US. J.S. Marshall and R.H. Douglas formed Stormy Weather Group in Canada. First radar observation of tornadic thunderstorm hook echo in 1953
World's average surface air temperature is about 14°C. Thermometers are placed 1.25-2m above ground in Stevenson screens. Temperature is measured using discrete readings or daily minimum/maximum averages
Drake Passage connects South America's Cape Horn to Antarctica's South Shetland Islands. Named after Sir Francis Drake, who discovered it in 1578. First navigated by Willem Schouten in 1616. First rowed across passage by six explorers in 2019