Lotus was founded in 1982 by Mitch Kapor and Jonathan Sachs. Released Lotus 1-2-3 in 1983, first feature-heavy spreadsheet for IBM PC. Became world's third largest microcomputer software company in 1983. Jim Manzi became CEO in 1986, leading company until 1995
DDM is IBM's open architecture for managing data on remote computers. Defined from 1980 to 1993 using object-orientation principles. Not a standalone software, implemented as client-server products
AS400 commands are IBM's CL commands for system-level tasks. Commands consist of three-character words with verb and subject parts. Wildcard (*) can be used to list all commands
IBM pictograms represent ideas and communicate messages visually. Pictograms come in productive and expressive types. Designs are drawn on 32x32px grid with 1px padding
IBM's $5 billion gamble to create first platform business model. SPREAD task force met secretly in 1961 to develop new computers. Gene Amdahl served as chief architect, Fred Brooks led project
IBM introduced first consumer PC in August 1981 at USD 1,565. Project led by William Lowe with CEO Frank Cary's approval. Team used off-the-shelf components and Intel 8088 processor. Open architecture and technical documentation became industry standard