Main-group elements tend to bond with eight electrons in their valence shell. Rule applies to carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and halogens. Electrons shared in covalent bonds are counted twice
Hybridization is the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals. Atomic orbitals of equal energy participate in hybridization. Hybridization helps explain bonding properties and molecular geometry
Hybridization combines atomic orbitals to form new orbitals with same energy and shape. Hybrid orbitals can be half-filled, completely filled, or vacant. Hybridization predicts the shape of covalent molecules
Wildcat consists of European (Felis silvestris) and African (F. lybica) wildcats. European wildcat inhabits forests in Europe, Anatolia and Caucasus. African wildcat lives in semi-arid landscapes and steppes across Africa and Asia. Two subspecies recognized: forest, steppe and bush wildcats
Hybridization explains chemical bonding when valence theory fails. It involves mixing atomic orbitals of different shapes and energies. Hybrid orbitals have equal energy and orientation