Passive voice shows interest in the subject experiencing an action. Used when action performer is unknown or unimportant. Common in formal texts. Active voice preferred when action performer is known
Passive voice shifts focus from agent to action and its object. Object becomes subject, subject can be omitted or added with von/durch. Verb changes to werden + past participle (Partizip II)
Used with nouns, adjectives, and prepositional phrases. Forms positive statements with "was/were". Yes/no questions invert subject and verb form. Wh- questions use "was/were" followed by question word
Passato prossimo is equivalent to English present perfect and past simple. Made up of auxiliary verb (essere or avere) and past participle. Used to describe past events and present-relevant actions
"Ne iş yapıyorsun?" means "What is your job?". "Yap-/yapı-" means "to do". "-yor-" indicates present continuous action. "-sun" means "you/thou"
Present Perfect expresses actions completed in the past with ongoing effects. Formed by "have/has" before past participle. Contractions: "have/has" becomes "ve" or "s"