Overtone is any resonant frequency above fundamental in a sound. Fundamental is usually heard most prominently, but overtones exist in all pitches except sine waves. Timbre is determined by relative volumes of various overtone partials
Harmonica is a free-reed wind instrument used worldwide in various genres. Consists of comb, reed plates, and cover plates. Most common is Richter-tuned diatonic with 10 holes and 20 reeds
The trombone derives from Italian "tromba" meaning "large trumpet". The sackbut appeared in 15th century Europe, declining by mid-17th century. Bach and Handel used trombones in early Baroque period. Gluck was first major composer to use trombone in opera overture
The ukulele originated in Hawaii from Portuguese instruments like the cavaquinho. Three Portuguese immigrants from Madeira were among the first ukulele makers. King Kalākaua played a significant role in promoting the instrument. The name "uke" means "jumping flea" in Hawaiian
Violin is the smallest and highest-pitched instrument in the violin family. Most violins have four strings tuned in perfect fifths (G3-D4-A4-E5). Instrument is played by bow, plucking or striking strings with bow
Earliest known flutes found in Europe, dating to 53,000-45,000 years ago. Chinese bone flute discovered in Jiahu, dating to 9,000 years ago. Cross flute (Bansuri) considered outstanding wind instrument of ancient India. Flutes reached Europe through Asia via North Africa, Hungary, and Bohemia