UPR is a cellular stress response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. Activated by misfolded proteins in ER lumen. Aims to restore cell function, degrade misfolded proteins, and increase chaperone production
Endoplasmic reticulum is a membrane-bound organelle found in both plants and animals. About 50% of total cell membrane surface is provided by ER. ER forms interconnected sub-compartments called rough and smooth ER
Eukaryotic cells have more complex structure than prokaryotic cells. Plasma membrane separates cell contents from environment. Cytoplasm contains organelles suspended in gel-like cytosol
Golgi body consists of stacked cisternae with fluid-filled saccules. ER is continuous membrane network present in all eukaryotic cells. ER has rough (ribosome-studded) and smooth (tubular) sub-compartments
ER is a network of membranous sheets and tubules extending from nucleus. Membrane consists of three layers: outer and inner protein, mid-thin phospholipids. ER provides 50% of total membrane surface in animal cells
Endoplasmic reticulum is a network of interconnected membranous tubules in eukaryotic cells. Present in all eukaryotes except mammalian red blood cells and germinal cells. Membrane is 50-60 A° thick with fluid-mosaic structure