Suica is a prepaid electronic money for travel and shopping. Cards can be used on trains, subways, buses and monorails. 500-yen deposit included in purchase price
Bartering was first used for exchanging goods without standardized rates. Commodity money emerged using basic items like salt and tobacco. Metal coins were introduced around 5000 BC by Lydians. China began issuing paper money around 960 AD
Netherlands offers EMI license for electronic money services across EEA. Dutch Central Bank (DNB) serves as primary regulatory authority. Minimum initial capital requirement is EUR 350,000
DNB is the Dutch regulator for electronic money and payment institutions. PSD2 EU Directive sets requirements for payment services providers. E-money institutions must obtain authorization from DNB
Netherlands ranks fourth most competitive European economy. Amsterdam and Rotterdam reach 95% of world's lucrative markets within 24 hours. Economy grew 4.5% in 2022, second consecutive year. Netherlands embraces innovation and digitalization
Money was initially used for bartering goods like cows and wheat. First metal coins appeared in Lydia around 7th century BC. Some countries used clam shells or salt blocks as money