Conductivity is the ability of materials to pass electricity through them. Materials with free electrons are called conductors. Materials with less electron mobility are insulators
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All metals conduct electricity due to free-moving electrons. Electrical conductivity measures current generation on metal surfaces
Electricity was first discovered by William Gilbert in 1600. First cables were made of iron, later switched to copper. IACS standard established in 1913 as reference for copper conductivity
Graphite is a stable carbon allotrope discovered by Edward G. Acheson in 1896. Each carbon atom forms a sp2 hybridized layer with weak forces between layers. Graphite is insoluble in water and organic solvents