Cardiovascular system transports blood through vessels for nutrient and oxygen delivery. System consists of pulmonary and systemic circuits with arterial, capillary, and venous components. Arteries receive blood at high pressure and velocity, branching into arterioles. Capillaries are thin, permeable vessels distributing nutrients and waste products. Veins return blood to heart under low pressure
Lymphatic system is part of immune system, complementing circulatory system. System consists of vessels, nodes, organs, tissue and lymph. Lymph is clear fluid carried back to heart for re-circulation. System is open, unlike closed circulatory system
Heart is located in mediastinum between lungs, size of fist. Divided into four chambers: two atria and two ventricles. Surrounded by pericardium sac containing fluid. Heart wall has three layers: epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium
Deoxygenated blood leaves right atrium through pulmonary artery to lungs. Oxygenated blood returns to left atrium through pulmonary veins. Systemic circulation receives oxygenated blood from pulmonary circulation. Bronchial circulation supplies oxygenated blood to lung airways
Perfusion refers to fluid passage through circulatory system to organs. Measured as blood flow rate per unit tissue mass (ml/min/g). All animal tissues require adequate blood supply for health
Vertebrate circulatory system includes heart, blood vessels, and blood. System has two main circuits: pulmonary and systemic. Blood contains plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Average adult contains 4.7-5.7 liters of blood