Cephalic presentation is the most common position for birth. Head-down, face-down position is easiest for delivery. Head-down, face-up position may require manual rotation
C-section is a surgical delivery through abdomen opening, making up 32.1% of U.S. births. Vertical C-section uses up-and-down incision, horizontal C-section is more common. Planned C-sections occur at 39th week, emergency C-sections happen immediately
Cervical os is part of cervix connecting uterus to vagina. Cervix is about an inch long and can vary during lifetime. External os is near vagina, internal os near uterus
Fetal distress occurs when fetus receives inadequate oxygen during pregnancy. Main symptoms include abnormal heart rate patterns and decreased fetal movement. Can lead to serious complications like cerebral palsy and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
Health insurance covers average $18,865 for pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum care. Average vaginal delivery costs $11,453, C-section $17,103. Uninsured births can range from $13,000 to $14,000. Average home birth costs $4,650
Umbilical cord connects fetus to placenta, containing two arteries and one vein. Forms from remnants of yolk sac and allantois by fifth week. Length equals crown-rump length of fetus throughout pregnancy. Contains Wharton's jelly protecting blood vessels