URR measures dialysis quality by assessing waste product elimination from blood. URR should be measured monthly or every 12th dialysis session. Dialysis is considered adequate if URR is ≥65%
Benign glioneuronal tumors arising from cortical or deep grey matter. Most commonly located in temporal lobe (65% of cases). Presents with intractable focal epilepsy in 90% of cases. Typically diagnosed in children or young adults before age 20
RRT replaces kidney's normal blood-filtering function in kidney failure. Includes dialysis, hemofiltration, hemodiafiltration, and kidney transplantation. Not a cure but life-extending treatment for kidney disease. Early intervention improves outcomes in acute kidney failure
Sinus tachycardia is a heart rate above 90-100 bpm. Normal resting heart rate is 60-90 bpm in adults. Heart rates vary by age and fitness level
DDS is neurological symptoms caused by cerebral edema after dialysis. Typically occurs in end-stage kidney disease patients starting dialysis. Two theories exist: slowed urea transport or increased brain protective compounds. Recent studies show high urea gradient causes osmotic effects
Blood volume is the total blood in circulatory system. Typical adult has approximately 5 liters of blood. Blood volume is regulated by kidneys. Blood volume is 70 ml/kg in males, 65 ml/kg in females