Anti-diabetic medicine for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Helps control blood sugar levels and prevent diabetes complications. Works by increasing insulin production from pancreas. Effects start within 6 hours, remain active for 2-3 days
Johnson & Johnson is world's largest healthcare company. Roche leads in biotech with 17 biopharmaceuticals. Pfizer ranks 64th on Fortune 500 with $47.644 billion revenue. Novartis focuses on innovative science and digital technologies
Semaglutide is a GLP-1 analogue used to treat type 2 diabetes. It increases insulin production and reduces glucagon levels. Works by slowing food passage through stomach. Available as tablets and weekly injections
Degludec contains threonine removed from B chain and fatty diacid attached to lysine. Forms stable depot in subcutaneous tissue with predictable dissociation. Achieves peak plasma concentration after 10-12 hours. Has half-life of 17-25 hours, twice that of insulin glargine
Biguanide is a colorless solid with formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2. First synthesized by Bernhard Rathke in 1879. Forms highly basic solutions that hydrolyze to ammonia and urea
Only FDA-approved stem cell therapy is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Stem cells can be derived from bone marrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood. Research focuses on neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes treatment