Charts provide security information for situational awareness and safe passage planning. UKHO collaborates with NATO and international partners for accurate information. Charts cover piracy, terrorism, embargoes, mine warfare and illegal activities
MODU Code (1989, 2009, 2020) and HSC Code (1994, 1995) are current editions. IMDG Code (2022, 2024) and IMSBC Code (2022, 2023) are major updates. MARPOL Annex V and VI are consolidated editions. SOLAS (2024) and Polar Code (2016) are updated versions
ICS is a nautical flag signaling system for cross-language communication. System includes 26 letters, 10 numerals, 3 substitutes, and code/answer pennant. Flags must be visible, identifiable, and not too small
Metacentric height (GM) measures initial static stability of floating bodies. GM is distance between ship's center of gravity and metacentre. Metacentre moves opposite direction of heel as ship rolls
IACS is a technical non-governmental organization with 12 member societies. Covers over 90% of world's cargo-carrying ships' tonnage. Founded in 1968 in Hamburg, currently based in London
First version passed in 1914 after Titanic sinking. Current version (SOLAS 1974) entered force in 1980. Treaty requires flag states to ensure ship compliance with safety standards. As of April 2022, 167 contracting states cover 99% of global merchant ships