Ottoman Empire's Basic Law (1876) was first constitution. 1921 Constitution established assembly government system. 1924 Constitution bridged parliamentary and assembly systems
Founded in Ankara on April 23, 1920 during the National Campaign. Currently consists of 600 members elected for five-year terms. Speaker is Numan Kurtulmuş, elected in June 2023. Parliament has six parliamentary groups: AK Party, CHP, MHP, Good Party, DEM, Felicity
Head of state is highest-ranking position in sovereign states. Four main types: standard model, non-executive model, semi-presidential, presidential. Parliamentary systems have ceremonial heads with limited executive powers. Presidential systems have head of state as both head of government and executive
Turkey's first National Security Council was established in 1933 as Supreme Defense Assembly. Council meetings occur every two months under President's chairmanship. Secretariat-General has 80-year history under various names