Asmara is Eritrea's capital located at 2,325 meters above sea level. Founded after four villages united peacefully according to traditional Tigrinya legend. Became Italian capital in 1897, experiencing rapid urbanization and modernization. Declared UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2017 for its modernist architecture
UNCCD adopted in Paris in 1994, entered force in 1996. Only legally binding framework addressing desertification globally. Has 197 parties, including all 193 UN member states. 2006 declared "International Year of Deserts and Desertification"
Sudan is located in Northeast Africa, bordering seven countries. It is the third largest country in Africa after Algeria and Congo. The country's borders extend 6,819 kilometers
Gobi Desert covers 1.3 million square km, largest in Asia. Only 5% of desert is covered by sand, formed by Himalayan Mountains. Temperature ranges from -40°C in winter to 45°C in summer. Contains 33 mini deserts, largest being Galbiin Gobi (70,000 km²)
Drought is a prolonged period of decreased water supply on land. Can occur anytime, but most happen during warmer or drier months. Can last from less than a month to years
Lake Urmia was once Middle East's largest lake. Name changed from "Chichast" (glittering) to "Urmia" after Iranian Revolution. Located near Turkey border, surrounded by mountains and plateaus