Every accused person is presumed innocent until proven guilty. Prosecution bears burden of proof, accused doesn't. Prosecution must prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt
German criminal law applies to offenses committed on German territory. German law applies to offenses committed on federal flagged ships and aircraft. German law applies to certain offenses committed abroad with domestic connection
Fifth Amendment created constitutional rights limiting government powers in criminal procedures. Ratified in 1791 as part of Bill of Rights. Most rights extended to state and local levels through Fourteenth Amendment
Public law governs relations between legal persons and government. First noted by Roman jurist Ulpian in Institutes. Initially focused on state-related matters, later expanded to include private law
Complicity is the participation in completed criminal acts by an accomplice. Unlike other crimes, complicity is not itself a crime but a way of committing one. Complicity requires shared intent and assistance, not causation. Modern approaches abandon traditional principal-accessory distinction
Miranda rights protect suspects from self-incrimination in custodial interrogation. Named after 1966 Supreme Court decision Miranda v. Arizona. Yale professor Kamisar developed the concept, known as "father of Miranda"