English is widely spoken as de facto national language. Hundreds of Aboriginal languages exist, many extinct since 1950. Immigrant languages include Chinese, Italian, and Greek
Western Roman Empire collapsed in 476 AD under weak emperors. Visigoths attacked Rome in 410, followed by Vandals' occupation of Carthage. Western Empire's eastern frontier collapsed in 406. Anglo-Saxons settled in Britain after 440
Mainland Southeast Asia includes Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam and Peninsular Malaysia. Area lies east of Indian subcontinent and south of Mainland China. Term Indochina coined in early 19th century emphasizing Indian and Chinese influence. Area projects southward from Asian continent with three major river systems
Western Roman Empire's collapse led to Germanic kingdoms' rise. Franks established vast territories in France and Germany. Eastern Roman Empire expanded under Emperor Justinian. This century is considered least documented in Dark Ages
Arabs conquered North Africa and Iberian Peninsula by mid-century. Byzantine Empire defeated Arabs at Siege of Constantinople in 717-718. Battle of Tours in 732 halted Muslim advance into Western Europe. Abbasid Caliphate established in Baghdad in 750
Siddhartha Gautama was born in Lumbini to royal parents of the Shakya clan. He renounced his home life to become a wandering ascetic. He attained nirvana at Bodh Gaya and died in Kushinagar. His teachings spread through oral tradition in Middle Indo-Aryan dialects