Wall thickness calculation based on permissible hoop stress due to internal pressure. Nominal thickness must be at least 4.4 mm with allowances for threading and corrosion. Calculation formula: t = P * D / (2 * F * S * E)
ISO 4144 was published in 1979 for stainless steel castings. Covers pressure dimensions and temperature ratings for piping systems. Used for steam, oil, air, gas, and water systems. Commonly used in Australia
Pressure drop is the difference in fluid pressure between two points in a system. Caused by friction, flow resistance, blockages, and changes in pipe direction
Pipe covers specific sizes defined by ANSI specifications, tubes are smaller. Stainless steel pipe dimensions determined by ASME B36.19 with 'S' suffix. Pipes must be continuously marked with size, grade, method, heat number
Expansion joints hold parts together while absorbing temperature-induced movement. Commonly found in buildings, bridges, railway tracks, and piping systems. Prevent cracking in structures due to temperature variations
NPS is North American standard for pipes used in high/low pressure applications. NPS identifies pipe diameter with non-dimensional number (e.g. 2-inch nominal). Specific pipes identified by diameter and wall thickness schedule (e.g. 2-inch Sch 40)