Cystic renal lesions are common incidental findings on imaging. Ultrasound is first-line imaging for simple cysts. CEUS offers real-time vascular evaluation but has technical limitations
Benign renal tumor accounting for 5% of primary adult epithelial neoplasms. Typically presents in 6th-7th decades, with peak incidence at 55. 2:1 male predilection. Up to 75% asymptomatic, may present with flank mass
Most common malignant renal tumor, occurring in 50-70-year-olds. Presents with macroscopic hematuria in 60% of cases. Affects males 2:1 ratio. Accounts for 80-90% of primary malignant adult renal neoplasms
HCC is the most common primary liver cancer in adults. Most cases occur in people with chronic liver disease, especially cirrhosis. Hepatitis B causes about 50% of HCC cases, hepatitis C about 25%. Disease is three times more common in males than females
CDK inhibitors prevent cancer cell overproliferation by inhibiting cyclin-dependent kinases. Cell cycle is regulated by cyclins and CDKs, which can become dysregulated in cancer. CDK4/6 inhibitors have been most successful, with four FDA-approved drugs
Primary myelofibrosis is a rare bone marrow blood cancer. Associated with mutations in JAK2, CALR, or MPL genes. Approximately 90% of cases have these gene mutations. JAK2 V617F mutation found in half of patients