Glycoproteins contain covalently attached oligosaccharide chains to protein side-chains. Most common types are N-linked (asparagine) and O-linked (serine/threonine). Carbohydrate composition ranges from 1% to 70% of total protein mass
Plant cells contain cellulose, hemicelluloses, and pectin in their cell walls. They have large vacuoles that regulate turgor pressure. Cell division occurs through the formation of a phragmoplast. Most plant cells lack flagella and centrioles except in gametes
Cilia are hair-like membrane protrusions found in eukaryotic cells. There are two main classes: motile and non-motile cilia. Motile cilia have 9+2 axoneme with central pair of microtubules. Non-motile cilia have 9+0 axoneme without central pair
Polysome is a group of ribosomes bound to an mRNA molecule. First described as "ergosomes" in 1963 by Warner, Knopf, and Rich. Forms during elongation phase when ribosomes synthesize polypeptides
Goblet cells are simple columnar epithelial cells with goblet-like shape. Found in respiratory, reproductive, and lower gastrointestinal tracts. Have apical cup-shaped surface with mucus-laden granules. Basal portion lacks granules and is stem-like
Cell division occurs when parent cell divides into two daughter cells. Eukaryotes have mitosis for identical cells and meiosis for gametes. Prokaryotes divide through binary fission or budding. All cell divisions require DNA replication before division