Pyraclostrobin is a quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) type fungicide. Belongs to strobilurin chemical class. Used in agriculture for various fruits and vegetables
Bordeaux mixture combines copper(II) sulphate and quicklime as a fungicide. Used to prevent fungal infections in vineyards, fruit and vegetable farms. Works by affecting fungal spores' enzymes through copper ions. Must be applied as preventive treatment, ineffective after disease starts
Herbicides were first used before widespread agricultural control. 2,4-D was first successful selective herbicide released in 1946. Triazine family introduced in 1950s, causing groundwater contamination concerns. Glyphosate (Roundup) developed in 1950s, gaining widespread use
Rust fungi are plant pathogens belonging to the order Pucciniales. Approximately 7,000 species exist, with over half belonging to genus Puccinia. Each species can infect only two different plant hosts. Rust fungi cannot be easily grown in pure culture
H2O2 seed priming alleviates salinity effects in tomatoes. Natural saponins stabilize wheat seedlings under cold stress. Egyptian faba beans selected for salt tolerance using molecular markers. Tall flat sedge modified for salt-affected wetlands. Mesoporous silica improves wheat filling under drought conditions
Systemic insecticide belonging to tetramic acid class. Moves both upward and downward within plant. Inhibits lipid biosynthesis in target pests. Classified as Group 23 by IRAC