Peritoneum is largest serous membrane with complex reflections for disease spread. Metastases spread through ligaments, mesenteries, omenta, ascitic fluid, lymphatic extension, and embolic spread. CT is best imaging modality for peritoneal metastases with 85-87% specificity
Emphysema is permanent enlargement of airspaces distal to terminal bronchioles. COPD affects 385 million worldwide, causing 3 million deaths annually. Disease predominantly affects middle to late life due to smoking. Equal incidence between sexes now due to increased smoking and environmental factors
CT is preferred for middle ear pathologies. MRI is better for inner ear conditions. Normal variants should be reported for surgical safety
CPLs are common, ranging from 2.4% to 19.6% of pancreatic tumors. Prevalence increases with age, from 7.9% below 70 to 40.2% over 70. Most CPLs are "technopathies" due to improved imaging capabilities
Radiology uses imaging to diagnose and monitor diseases. Wilhelm Röntgen discovered X-rays in 1895. Radiologists require 12 years of education including medical school. Radiation technologists assist radiologists with imaging instruments
Cross-sections show two-dimensional views of anatomical structures in transverse planes. All sections are viewed from patient's feet in supine position. Structures on right side appear on left side of image