Pattern of alternating deep breathing followed by apnea lasting 30 seconds to 2 minutes. Occurs during wakefulness or sleep as central sleep apnea syndrome. Distinct from periodic breathing, which involves hypopnea
PCA is a rare dementia affecting visual processing, first described by Benson in 1988. Usually starts in mid-fifties or early sixties, unlike typical Alzheimer's. Can be caused by Lewy body disease and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
CTE is a neurodegenerative disease linked to repeated head trauma. Most cases occur in athletes from contact sports like boxing and football. Exact amount of trauma required for condition is unknown. Disease affects about 30% of those with multiple head injuries
Rapidly worsening brain disease characterized by vomiting, confusion, and seizures. Usually begins after viral infection recovery, especially influenza or chickenpox. Death occurs in 20-40% of affected individuals. About 90% of pediatric cases linked to aspirin use
Subdural hygroma is CSF collection under brain's dural membrane. Requires meningeal layer separation and uncompressed subdural space. Appears on CT scan after 9 days, sometimes with hemorrhage
Alzheimer's disease develops slowly and gradually worsens over years. Disease affects memory, thinking, judgment, language and movement. Average life expectancy after diagnosis is 3-11 years