Hydrocephalus is increased CSF volume causing ventriculomegaly. Terminology should be divided into communicating/non-communicating and obstructive/non-obstructive. Walter Dandy first classified hydrocephalus in 1913 using dye injection
Parkinson disease affects 2-4% of individuals over 65 years. 85-90% of cases are sporadic, 10-15% have family history. Disease results from progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. At least eleven genes implicated in various forms of Parkinson disease
MEG measures brain activity by recording magnetic fields produced by electrical currents. Current magnetometers use SQUIDs, while SERF magnetometers are being developed. Approximately 50,000 active neurons are needed to generate detectable signals. Brain's magnetic field is weaker than ambient noise, requiring shielding
Ancient Egyptians viewed heart as seat of soul, not brain. Aristotle linked brain to heart, brain to cooling mechanism. Hippocrates established brain as seat of soul. Descartes introduced mind-body problem concept
Alzheimer's disease develops slowly and gradually worsens over years. Disease affects memory, thinking, judgment, language and movement. Average life expectancy after diagnosis is 3-11 years
MCA is largest carotid artery supplying brain and face/hand/throat/arm. Divided into four segments: M1 (horizontal), M2 (insular), M3 (opercular), M4 (cortical). Supplies blood to primary sensory and motor areas of face, hand, throat, arm