Used in diagnostic labs to determine bacterial antibiotic susceptibility. In drug discovery labs, screens biological materials for antibacterial activity. First used by Beijerinck in 1889 for bacterial growth studies
MIC is the lowest concentration of chemical preventing visible bacterial growth. Used in both diagnostic and drug discovery laboratories. Results expressed in micrograms/mL or milligrams/L
Virulence refers to a pathogen's ability to cause damage to a host. Term derives from Latin "virulentus" meaning poisoned wound. Can apply to both viruses and other microorganisms
Gram-negative, nonmotile diplococcus causing respiratory and ear infections. Named after Victor Morax, first described by Swiss ophthalmologist. Genome sequenced in 2016, encoding 1,736 genes
Over 50 bacterial species can transform into L-form forms. L-form bacteria are pleomorphic, ranging from 0.01 microns to 60-70 microns in length. They cannot be detected by standard laboratory procedures. L-forms cannot be killed by antibiotics and form colonies when treated with penicillin
Hippocrates established modern medicine in Greece, separating it from mysticism. Galen created empirical medical knowledge through animal experiments. Ibn Sina wrote "Canon of Medicine" as basic medical textbook until 18th century. Vesalio is considered father of modern anatomy