Ampicillin is a penicillin-like antibiotic discovered in 1958. First broad-spectrum penicillin effective against both gram-positive and negative bacteria. Available as oral capsules, injections, or intravenous infusion
Opportunistic infections occur when pathogens take advantage of weakened immune systems. Can result from weakened immune system, altered microbiome, or breached barriers. Many pathogens don't cause disease in healthy hosts
Tetracyclines are broad-spectrum antibiotics derived from Streptomyces bacteria. Discovered in 1940s, first reported in 1948. Structure consists of four fused rings with various functional groups
Infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms that impair health. Vaccines can prevent infections without causing clinical illness. Skin and mucous membranes are main barriers to infection. Humans are constantly exposed to infectious organisms in environment
Used for intra-abdominal infections, nosocomial pneumonia, skin infections, and pelvic infections. Available in 2.25g to 4.5g strengths for intravenous administration. Treatment duration typically 7-10 days
E. coli is a normal flora in the digestive system. Some strains can cause serious infections leading to diarrhea. Most infections occur in areas with poor hygiene