Flag officially adopted on January 17, 1972. First designed by Swadheen Bangla Nucleus students in 1970. Original version featured yellow map inside red circle. Map removed in 1972 due to rendering difficulties
Indigenous cultures inhabited Cuba from 4th millennium BC. Taíno population reached 350,000 by end of 15th century. Columbus arrived in 1492, Spain conquered Cuba in 1511. Spanish established sugar and tobacco plantations, imported slaves
Mesoamerica developed complex civilizations with glyphic writing systems. Maya script was the only known writing system in pre-Columbian Americas. Five major civilizations emerged: Olmec, Maya, Teotihuacan, Toltec, and Aztec. Aztec Empire reached peak with 350,000 rulers and 10 million people
Kuva-yi Milliye were irregular Turkish militia forces during early independence period. Emerged after Allied occupation of Ottoman Empire according to Mudros Armistice. Consisted of deserted Ottoman officers and militias
Indigenous people settled America before 15,000 BC through Beringia land bridge. Migration continued until 10,000 years ago when land bridge submerged. Native Americans formed distinct cultures through 15th century
Thirteen British colonies established along Atlantic coast by mid-18th century. Colonists had no representation in British Parliament. British navy protected colonies from foreign attacks