Biological filtration uses rotating tanks with microorganisms to decompose organic waste. Activated sludge system was invented in 1914 and uses oxygen for bacterial oxidation. Pasveer Ditch is popular in Europe, using rotating channels for aeration
Wastewater treatment removes contaminants to create reclaimed water. Treatment occurs in wastewater treatment plants. Process includes physical separation, biological processes, and chemical treatment
Only 24% of India's wastewater is treated before release. 70% of class-1 cities have sewerage facilities. 160 cities have sewerage systems for over 75% of population
Traditional treatment plant design minimizes total capital cost using steady state concepts. Plant inputs vary up to sevenfold during 24-hour period. Current dynamic models don't consider both fixed and variable costs simultaneously
Wastewater includes household and industrial water contaminated by human activity. Contaminants include sewage, stormwater runoff, and dirty rainwater. Proper treatment prevents contaminants from entering waterways
Wastewater treatment aims to safely dispose of effluents without environmental damage. Agricultural irrigation requires wastewater treatment before use. Treatment quality affects irrigation system performance and crop health