First beyliks founded in late 11th century after Seljuk victory at Manzikert. Oghuz Turkic clans settled in Anatolia under Seljuk vassals. Mongol invasions weakened Seljuk power, leading to beys declaring sovereignty. Beys joined forces with atabegs and Ghazi warriors against Byzantines
Eretna, a Uyghur Ilkhanid officer, became governor of Anatolia in 1335. He gained independence after defeating Chobanid forces at Karanbük in 1343. Eretna ruled from Konya to Ankara, expanding his territory significantly. He was known as Köse Peyghamber for his peaceful rule
Palace covers 7,535,000 sq.ft. with four courtyards. Houses largest Ottoman Empire collection and manuscripts. Open daily from 9 AM to 6 PM except Tuesdays
UNESCO established World Heritage List in 1972 to protect cultural and natural heritage. Türkiye has 21 heritage sites as of 2024, including 19 cultural and 2 mixed sites
Located in Çorum Province, Turkey, on 300m slope above Budaközü Plain. Divided into lower and upper cities by Kızlarkayası creek. Surrounded by 8km monumental enclosure wall. Contains five gateways including Lion's, King's, and Sphinx Gates
Charles Texier discovered ancient ruins at Boghazköy in 1834. Hieroglyphic inscriptions were found in Syria and Anatolia in 1870. William Wright discovered inscribed stones in Aleppo in 1872