Bastard is a person whose parents are not married. Bastards are often referred to as natural sons or daughters. Noblemen are not expected to raise their bastards. Bastards face stigma and grow up faster than trueborn children
Traditional German women's roles were "four Ks": children, church, kitchen, clothes. Women gained voting rights in 1918, taking on male-dominated roles. After WWII, women became "women of the rubble" helping rebuild Germany
Domestic partnership is a non-marital relationship between two people living together. Provides legal benefits including hospital visitation and survivorship rights. Term varies across jurisdictions, leading to confusion
Pre-colonial Philippines had equal status for women in kinship and property rights. Women could become village chiefs and hold high positions in society. Babaylan were spiritual leaders and community healers in pre-colonial societies
Study explores fatherhood experiences after divorce/separation. Research aims to understand fatherhood as complex identity and practice. Focuses on fathers' employment and caring responsibilities. Will use semi-structured interviews and ethnographic methods. Sample limited to fathers separated for at least one year
Confinement means the act of confining or the state of being confined. In obstetrics, it refers to the period from labor onset to childbirth. In physics, it means containment