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Ancient Nicea and Its Modern Legacy

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Historical Background: Founded in 4th century BC by Macedonian king Antigonus I Monophthalmus
First ecumenical council held in 325 AD by Constantine the Great
Second council in 787 resolved iconoclastic controversy
Captured by Seljuk Turks in 1081, renamed Iznik
Conquered by Ottomans in 1331, known for tile production
Notable Monuments: Roman and Byzantine city walls remain intact, 14,520 feet in circumference
Ancient theater built in 112, later turned into mass grave
St. Sophia Cathedral site of Second Council of Nicea
Green Mosque features distinctive green tiles
Archaeological Museum housed in 1388 Nilüfer Hatun Imareti
Modern Status: Modern town with population of about 15,000
Second Vatican Council named it third 'holy city'
Famous for beautiful Iznik tiles, now in decline
Surviving monuments from Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman periods