Dogs mature before mating to protect health. Small breeds mate between 5-7 months, large breeds between 6-10 months. Females enter estrus twice yearly, ovulation occurs 2-5 days before mating. Dogs should be at least two years old for best results
Horses mate in three phases: courtship, copulation, and post-mating rituals. Stallions display dominance through prancing and sniffing behavior. Unreceptive mares show aggression, while receptive ones become submissive. Copulation involves mounting and strong intravaginal thrusting
Artificial insemination is most advanced but costly. Freestyle mating involves joint keeping with producers. Harem mating uses single producer in 25-30 goat herd. Manual mating is most effective, one male can cover up to 100 goats