Transmission towers support overhead power lines, typically 15-55m high. Four main categories: suspension, dead-end terminal, tension, and transposition. Used for high-voltage (66-230kV) and low-voltage (10-30kV) transmission
Ground serves as reference point, return path, or physical connection to Earth. Protects users from electrical shock hazards by connecting exposed conductive parts. Limits static electricity buildup when handling flammable products. Can be used as single conductor in telegraph and power transmission systems
Electrical breakdown occurs when insulating materials become conductors under high voltage. Breakdown voltage depends on material's dielectric strength and its shape. Breakdown can happen in solids, liquids, gases, and vacuum
Nikola Tesla invented the Tesla coil in 1891. Initially used for electrical lighting and X-ray generation. Commercial use in spark-gap radio transmitters until 1920s. Modern coils primarily used for entertainment and educational displays
Tesla coil was developed in 1891 for high-voltage electrical discharges. Unsafe handling can result in serious injury or death. Coils generate heat and expand air, affecting electronic devices
Simple 12V charger uses transformer with 16.92V output voltage. Auto shut-off can be added using BJT stage with 14.3V output. Current control is crucial for safe battery charging