Staircase consists of tread and riser sections. Tread is horizontal surface for stepping, minimum 10 inches deep. Riser is vertical space between treads, maximum 7 inches high. Nosing is horizontal edge where most foot traffic occurs
Arch is a curved vertical structure spanning open space. True arches are load-bearing arches using compression. False arches serve decorative or structural purposes. Arches can be horizontal structures like dam arches
Load-bearing walls are early structural elements that transfer loads to foundations. Flying buttresses in Gothic architecture allowed more weight transfer. Notre Dame Cathedral is an example of a load-bearing wall structure
New brick colors include Blue, Dean, Pearl, and Dusk shades. Bricks can be dyed and shaped into various tile types. All brick variants can be crafted into stairs and walls
Construction industry uses complex technical terms and jargon for building structures. All-in rate includes direct and indirect costs of materials and site preparation. Architect of Record is registered architect with contract authority. BIM integrates visual information with data for unified project view
Part 1 establishes general principles for fire resistance testing of construction elements. Standard published August 17, 1999, withdrawn July 24, 2012. Effective June 8, 2022, 49-page English-language document