XPS is extruded polystyrene foam board for insulation purposes. Production involves continuous extrusion with physical blowing agents. Features closed cell structure and excellent moisture resistance
VIP consists of gas-tight enclosure surrounding rigid core with evacuated air. Core materials include fumed silica, aerogel, perlite, or glass fiber. Getters collect gases leaked through membrane or offgassed materials
Sandwich panels consist of three layers: low-density core and thin skin-layer. Core material resists shear loads, while face sheets resist bending loads. Panels can be honeycomb or solid filling with thicknesses from 40mm to 200mm
Over three quarters of global polyurethane consumption is in foam form. Used in furniture, automotive seats, and industrial insulation. Forms wide range of stiffness, hardness, and densities
Electrical insulators prevent free current flow due to tightly bound electrons. Insulators have higher resistivity than semiconductors or conductors. Perfect insulators don't exist due to mobile charge carriers. All insulators become conductive at breakdown voltage
Building materials significantly impact design, aesthetics, and sustainability. Material choices can make or break architectural projects. Materials have evolved from traditional stone and wood to advanced composites