Ottoman Empire fought European powers from 1667 to 1698. Polish-Ottoman War (1672-1676) ended with Polish defeat under Jan Sobieski. Ottoman Empire attacked Habsburg Empire after peace period
Ottoman Empire launched 150,000-170,000-strong army against Vienna on July 14, 1683. Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth provided 74,000-strong relief force. Holy League defeated Ottoman forces on September 11-12, 1683. Ottoman losses were 20,000 during siege, 15,000-15,000 dead. Kara Mustafa Pasha executed in Belgrade on December 25, 1683
Born in 1629, John Sobieski was a Polish noble and military leader. Joined Swedish forces in 1655, later became leader against Swedes. Married French widow Marysieńka in 1665, who supported his kingship
Ottoman expansion into Europe ended in 1683 after Constantinople's fall. Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha aimed to conquer Christian lands. Sultan Mehmed IV wanted to set up frontier against Christian expansion
Ottoman Empire's first attempt to capture Vienna in 1529. Hungary divided into three zones after 1526 Battle of Mohács. Ferdinand I claimed Hungarian throne, John Zápolya became Ottoman vassal