W-4 is an IRS tax form for determining federal tax withholding. Form helps employers understand tax profile and withhold correct amounts. New 2020 version eliminated allowances, focusing on personalized calculations
Donation is a gift for charity or humanitarian aid. Can include money, alms, services, or goods like clothing or food. Gifts in kind are also called charitable donations
Tax deductible is an expense that reduces taxable income. Governments use deductibles to encourage beneficial behaviors. Deductibles help individuals retain more of their earnings
R&D is companies' systematic activities for innovation and product development. Allows companies to stay competitive by meeting market needs. Typically focuses on long-term profitability rather than immediate profit
Overseas tourists aged 18+ and GCC nationals not residing in UAE are eligible. Minimum spending requirement is AED 250. Goods must be exported within 90 days of purchase
Germany has income tax, social security, solidarity tax, VAT, and church tax. Employers deduct tax through "Lohnsteuer" system. Tax rates increase progressively from 0% to 45% for 2024 income brackets