Tariria was an Urartian queen or princess from the 9th or 8th century BCE. She is associated with king Menua through inscriptions along the Menua Canal. Her relationship with Menua remains unclear, possibly wife or daughter. She is one of two known female members of Urartian royal family. Her vineyard appears to be a vast royal garden modeled after Assyrian style
Khaldi was one of three chief deities of Urartu alongside Teisheba and Shivini. He was portrayed as a man standing on a lion. His main shrine was located at Ardini (Muṣaṣir)
Anatolia spans from Paleolithic to classical civilisation in 1st millennium BC. Stone Age (2.5 million years ago-2000 BC) featured widespread stone tool use. Paleolithic remains found in caves including Yarimburgaz and Karain. Çatalhöyük (7250-6750 BC) is considered most advanced Neolithic settlement
Urartu was an ancient kingdom in southwest Asia, centered near Black and Caspian Seas. The Urartians called their country Biainili and their capital Tushpa. They shared traits with Hurrians, borrowing from Assyrians in script and military practices
Urartu established a new state without a predecessor in Eastern Anatolia. Twelve cities were built directly by the state, including Van and Çavutepe. Cities consisted of citadels and lower settlements protected by artificial platforms. Royal cities featured monumental multi-roomed rock-cut tombs
Urartu emerged in Bronze and Iron Age of Armenia, Turkey, and Iran from 9th century BCE. Kingdom controlled territory from Caspian Sea to Upper Euphrates by 7th century BCE. Capital Tushpa (later Van) had population up to 50,000 at peak